What is the difference between isotopes used in nuclear medicine?

In nuclear medicine, isotopes are variants of chemical elements that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons, leading to variations in mass. The correct choice addresses the fundamental characteristics of isotopes used in medical applications. Different isotopes emit various types of radiation, such as alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays, which can impact how they are used diagnostically or therapeutically. Furthermore, each isotope has its unique half-life, which is the time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. This property is crucial in determining how long an isotope will remain effective for imaging or treatment purposes.

For instance, a short half-life may be desirable in diagnostic imaging so that the radiation dose to the patient is minimized quickly after the procedure. Conversely, isotopes with longer half-lives may be preferred for treatment purposes, as they can provide lasting effects over time. Understanding these differences allows healthcare professionals to select the appropriate isotopes based on the specific medical scenario, enhancing patient safety and treatment efficacy.